Neuman machine computer architecture.


                      Neuman machine

                   Information about the neuman machine


            In last blogs we get information about the generation of computer. This blog will introduce you about the neuman machine.
           We all have the question about how the computers are work?  We enter the data in computer with the help of keyboard and computer gives us a desired output. But the actual thing is how the data is process?  How we get the desired output? How the data flow through the components of computer?
          The Van Neuman architecture explains this all concepts. All above question have the answer in the form of Von Neuman architecture.
          The mathematician and physicist John Von Neuman and others introduce this architecturein 1945. This architecture also known as “ Von Neuman Model” or “Princeton”.
          It is also known as stored memory program. In this architecture the data and program stored in same memory called as main memory. At this point this architecture is different from Havert architecture. In the Havert architecture the data and program stored in different memory.
        The Von Neuman architecture also shows that how the all components are work.  The components are as follow .
·        Main memory  The internal data storage in a computer is called memory. The basic unit of storage in computer is bit. Bit is binary digit that set to 0 and 1. The program  and data are stored in this main memory. The memory contained large number of individual cells each with unique number known as its address
·        Central processing unit – central processing unit is the electronic circuit that fetches the binary coded instructions from memory decodes the instruction into series of simple actions in sequence of steps. It is also called as microprocessor. CPU consist of control unit , ALU and register .
1.     ALU -  Arithmetic and logical unit is part of cpu that perform arithmetic and logical operation on data there are many circuit are available in ALU like that adder, substractor , comparator that helps to perform Arithmetic and logical operation on data. Arithmetic operation are involve decision.
2.     Control unit – The control unit co-ordinates and control all other activities of the computer. The control unit sends the signal to the input unit so that the I/P unit accept the data from the outside world and passes it to memory for further processing
            Control unit contain timing signal and control signal.
·        Timing signal-  Timing signal generate timing and decide which instruction is executed first.
·        Control signal:-  Control signal controls the all resister for executing the instruction.
3.        Resister:-   Resisters are small size memory. It is sequence of bits or flip-flop which store data temporary or intermediate.
      If we have main memory then why we use the resister –
The answer is –Our data is in main memory and operations are perform in ALU. the main memory  is slower comparable to ALU. The resister store data intermidiatly. So that it fast the processing.
4.     Input/Output unit:-
·        Input unit:-
Ø This unit accept the data from outside world .
Ø Convert this data and instruction into the form that computer can understand.
Ø Passes this data and instruction to memory for further processing.
Eg: Keyboard, mouse etc.
·        Output unit:-
Ø Output unit accept the result from processing unit of computer.
Ø Convert it into human readable form.
Ø Provide the result to outside world.
Eg: printer, moniter.
          One question still remain how does all this components passes  the data to each other.
         The busses are responsible for it. All the components are connected by busses to each other. For communication the components place the data on busses pass to another component.
        There are three types of busses
1.     Address bus:- address bus is the unidirectional group of lines. It contains address of any memory location.
2.     Data bus:- data bus carries data in binary form between CPU and other external units. Data bus is bi-directional bus. It transfer data.
3.     Control bus:- control bus consist of various lines which have specific function for co-ordination and control operation of CPU. Control bus may also include clock lines (s) for timing/synchronizing, interrupts , reset etc. the control bus carries control signal  partly unidirectional, partly bi-directional.



Fifth generation of computer


                       Fifth generation of computer

   information about the fifth generation of computer

             We have already discuss about first generation, second generation, third generation and fourth generation of computer in our previous blog. After that we going to discuss about the fifth generation of computer .
    The fifth generation of computer is very important. beacause the computers become very advance in this generation and it till going on.
          The fifth generation of computer was start from 1989 and till present . This computer are based on IC’s with ULSI(ULSI=ultra large scale integration ) technology. The computer have larger main memory, higher capacity hard disk, powerful desktop PC’s and workstations, very powerful mainframes.
        These computers have many features over previous generation.
  • ·       It is more portable.
  •      more powerful
  • ,    cheaper and reliable
  •      Easior to use desktop machine.       

·                            This fifth generation computers are used as general purpose machine.
Some examples of this computers are-
  1. ·       Pentium PC’s
  2. ·       IBM notebooks
  3. ·       Sp/2
  4. ·       SUN workstation
  5. ·       PARAM 10000 etc.

                    Fifth generation computers are analogous to LEGO building blocks, with each block corresponding to a microcomputer and a group of blocks working together as a computer system. These computers will represent a unification of currently separate areas of research into parallel processing and into VLSI processors.
                  The fifth generation of computer cannot consider as the last generation of computer. Human being is always try to find something new to make its life more easier. "Necessary is mother of invention " so we can't predict what will our future and how technology will develope. but we can say that the man will never stop for invent something new.
  sixth generation of computer will be "Dream generation"

Fourth generation of computer.

AP

  



                     Fourth generation of computer
AP

  


               In previous blog we get information about first generation,second generation and thirdgeneration of computer.now in this blog we collect information about the important period in computer development that is fourth generation of computer.                      

              The period 1975 to 1989 was called as fourth generation of computer.
These computer supports IC’s with VLSI(VLSI= Very large Scale Integration.) technology.the semiconductor was use as memory and also had floppy disk and high capacity hard disk.
             The fourth generation computers works on GUI features(GUI= Graphical User Interference) and the operating system of this computer was UNIX.it supports c-programming language.
            The fourth generation computers has advantages better than first, second,and third generation computer . Advantages are as follows.
AP

  
  • it is highly affordable.
  • Easy to use.
  • Small in size.
  • Easier to use for commercial.

·       
·                               It is used specially for network based application and pc-based application.
The some example of fourth generation computers are-
  • ·        IBM-PC
  • ·        APPLE-2
  • ·        IPS-80
  • ·        CRAY-XIMP etc.


Third generation of computer.

                Third generation of computer
          Information about third generation of computer
                Before this we discuss about first generation of computer and second generation of computer. now in this blog you get the information about third generation of computer.
              The third generation of computer has time period in between the 1964 to 1975. The third generation computer are based on IC’s with SSI and MSI
( SSI=  small scale integarataion  )
(MSI= medium scale integration )
               It support large magnetic core memory,magnetic disk and tapes as secondary storage.
              These third generation computer was support time shearing operating system. It also support standarlization of high-level programming language.
           The advantages of third generation of computer are -
·         It is faster,smaller, highly reliable and cheaper and easior to program than first generation and second generation of computer
·         These computers are used are used for interactive on-line, scientific and commercial application.
CDC 6600
    Some example of this third generation of computer are-
  • .      CDC 6600
  • .      IBM360
  •       IBM 370 etc
for history of computer refer-https://change-in-technology.blogspot.com/2020/05/history-of-computer.html
for first generation of computer refer-https://change-in-technology.blogspot.com/2020/06/first-generation-of-computer.html
for second generation of computer refer- https://change-in-technology.blogspot.com/2020/06/second-generation-of-computer_8.html

second generation of computer


                        Second generation of computer
       ABOUT SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvMZ9d6IIP5uMNBb3M0P4TMVF1B2PxcwpjO_Hs1DNVGIFr-JzsA_HD1VDk7zQAbv30su4GUCNgu4VdP4AJfpFWbQ7noVo3Huf6DI6gZOt1e4K2pOyN1J3nsrJiZ9lLUaR_37fGCzNI3Unv/s1600/ibm70302.jpg
IBM 7030
        This blog will give you information about second generation of computer. In last blog we get information about the first generation of computer.      
         Now let start. The second generation of computer are based on solid state component as a transistor. The magnetic core of memory use as secondary storage. The period of First generation of computer is from 1942-1955 and period of second generation of computer is from 1955-64. The computer supports high level programming language.
         The second generation computerare faster than first generation computer.    The features of second generation computer are as follows.
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UNIVAC LARC

·       Support high level programming language.
·       Faster than first generation computers.
·       Smaller in size.
·       Highly realiable.
          The second generation computers are improved than first generation computers but still costly and difficult for commercial production.
         The  second generation computers are use for only scientific and commercial application.Examples of second generation computers are IBM 7030, Honeywell,UNIVACLARC.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4sfvzRHJ61oE7nINkxWFwgYZEOXsDRLjZGGtPohvxsuApGVXewYuKWtd3EBWuMEccLu8QoFbHM8O35i2jj6G2mq1Gb3cf-FmtEqBJbyx77QbYBKZxAmY2U7gHn5nfVNJEeeBQERvp8RXH/s1600/ibm7030.jpg
UNIVAC LARC
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First generation of computer





                     

                   ←         Generation of computer

ENIAC computer

The generation of computer are divided in five group for our sake of convenience. The first generation as follow.



  • 1.   First generation -  The period of 1942-55 is the consider as the time of first generation computer. The first generation of computers is based on vaccum tubes. Because vaccum tubes is the fastest data carrier medium. This vaccum tubes was use for logic circuitry of computer. In this computers punched card are used for secondary storage. computers  had computer support machine and assembly language .                                 


IBM 701
         The computer had some disadvantages that are  
·       This computers are so large.
·       This computers was bulky, so difficult to handle for user.
·       This computers are very costly.
·       This computers arew difficult to commercial production.
ENIAC
For above reason this computers are use for only scientific application.
Examples of first generation computer are -  ENIAC, EDVAC, IBM 701 etc


IBM 701

Replacement for chinese apps


                             ↔ Replace IT

     If we want change, repalce some chinese apps with other.

            
                Nowadays we Indians use many apps that originated from china. Chinese companies  have their own copyright on that apps and get much profit from India. These apps also have many blame on data security also. So here some apps that can be use in replacement of Chinese apps  some of these replace apps are Indians and some belongs to countries which have good relation with India. We can prefer this app . some of them mentioned below.
Chinese apps   
Replace by 
Tik tok
Dubsmash
shearit
Files by google
camscanner
Adobe scan
Uc browser
Google chrome
Beuty plus
Candy camera
Club factory
Myntra
Viva video
Kinemaster
Helo
Sharechat
Likee
Thriller
Xender
Files by google
U dictionary
Google translate
Applock
Norton applock
Turbo VPN
Proton VPN
Wechat
Whatsapp
         
           

History of computer.

                              HISTORY OF COMPUTER               

                                                               Part-1

                             The invention of computer is as important as invention of fire,wheel in ancient time. The new technical generation which change the world. Due to computer and technology world get boosted it's speed.
                             A computer can be define " An electronic device which accept information and process it and produces the output in accordance to set of instruction provided to it." Computer offers unique characteristics such as speed , accuracy, diligence, versatility,memory etc.
                        The first use of word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to person who carried out calculation. The original objective for inventing a computer was to create fast calculating machine. However, more than 80% of work done by computer today is non mathematical nature.
                         The  Blaise pascal invented the first mechanical adding machine in 1642. later in 1671 Baron Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz of Germany invented the first calculator for multiplication.the punch card invented in 1970 which was use as input medium in computers.  CharlBabbage an English mechanical engineer and polymath introduced a concept of programmable computer. Babbage known as father of computer.Babbage design a difference engine in the year 1822 that could produce realible tables.after it Babbage came forward with his new idea of completely automatic engine which perform basic arithmatic function in 1842. He conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in early 19's century. 
                           In 1937 to 1944 mark-1 the electromechanical computer was introduce by  staff of Havard university. The IBM automatic sequence controlled calculator called as mark-1. It was introduced at time of world war-2. It is general purpose computer.IN 1936-37 the z1 was mechanical computer introduce by Konrad Zuse. Z1 was the first freely programmable computer in the world ear which used boolean logic and binary floating point number. This computer was destroyed in bomb bombardment of Berlin in 1943 in during wold war-2. Z1 original name was "v1" for versuchmodel1.
                              After inventing Z1 a Konard Zuse improve the Z1` and introduced mechanical and relay computer Z2. It has same mechanical memory as Z1 but replacing the arithmatic and controlled logic with relay circuit in 1940. Z2 were destroyed in alied bombardment in world war-2.
                              Konard Zuseinvent Z3  was the German electromechanical computer in 1941. It was world's first working programmable fully automatic digital computer. It had 2600 relay implementing 22-bit word length that operated at clock frequency about 4-5 Hz. Z3 was originally called V3 ( versuchsmodll 3 ). It was destroyed during the alied bombardment of Berlin in world war -2 . 
                           IN 1939-42 the Atanasoff-Berry computer was first automatic digital computer. It was build by Lowa state collage mathematics and physics professor John Vincent Atanasoff.It was design to solve linear equation.
                               the later the computer had invented as the purpose.
    

Neuman machine computer architecture.

                        Neuman machine                     Information about the neuman machine               In last blogs we ...