Neuman
machine
Information
about the neuman machine
In
last blogs we get information about the generation of computer. This blog will
introduce you about the neuman machine.
We all have the question about how the computers
are work? We enter the data in computer
with the help of keyboard and computer gives us a desired output. But the
actual thing is how the data is process?
How we get the desired output? How the data flow through the components
of computer?
The Van
Neuman architecture explains this all concepts. All above question have the
answer in the form of Von Neuman
architecture.
The mathematician and physicist John Von
Neuman and others introduce this architecturein 1945. This architecture also known as “ Von Neuman Model” or
“Princeton”.
It is also known as stored memory program.
In this architecture the data and program stored in same memory called as main
memory. At this point this architecture is different from Havert architecture. In the Havert architecture the data and
program stored in different memory.
The Von Neuman architecture also shows
that how the all components are work.
The components are as follow .
· Main memory – The internal data
storage in a computer is called memory. The basic unit of storage in computer
is bit. Bit is binary digit that set
to 0 and 1. The program and data are
stored in this main memory. The memory contained large number of individual
cells each with unique number known as its address
·
Central processing unit – central processing unit is the electronic circuit
that fetches the binary coded instructions from memory decodes the instruction
into series of simple actions in sequence of steps. It is also called as microprocessor. CPU consist of control
unit , ALU and register .
1. ALU -
Arithmetic and logical unit is part of cpu that
perform arithmetic and logical operation on data there are many circuit are available
in ALU like that adder, substractor , comparator that helps to perform
Arithmetic and logical operation on data. Arithmetic operation are involve
decision.
2. Control unit – The control unit co-ordinates and
control all other activities of the computer. The control unit sends the signal
to the input unit so that the I/P unit accept the data from the outside world
and passes it to memory for further processing
Control
unit contain timing signal and control signal.
·
Timing signal-
Timing signal generate timing and decide which instruction is executed
first.
·
Control signal:-
Control signal controls the all resister for executing the instruction.
3. Resister:-
Resisters are small size memory. It is
sequence of bits or flip-flop which store data temporary or intermediate.
If we have main memory then why we use the
resister –
The answer is –Our data
is in main memory and operations are perform in ALU. the main memory is slower comparable to ALU. The resister
store data intermidiatly. So that it fast the processing.
4. Input/Output unit:-
·
Input unit:-
Ø This unit accept the data from
outside world .
Ø Convert this data and instruction
into the form that computer can understand.
Ø Passes this data and instruction to
memory for further processing.
Eg: Keyboard, mouse etc.
·
Output unit:-
Ø Output unit accept the result from
processing unit of computer.
Ø Convert it into human readable form.
Ø Provide the result to outside world.
Eg: printer, moniter.
One question still remain how does
all this components passes the data to
each other.
The busses are responsible for it. All the components are connected by
busses to each other. For communication the components place the data on busses
pass to another component.
There are three types of busses
1. Address bus:- address bus is the unidirectional
group of lines. It contains address of any memory location.
2. Data bus:- data bus carries data in binary form between CPU and other
external units. Data bus is bi-directional
bus. It transfer data.
3.
Control bus:- control bus consist of various
lines which have specific function for co-ordination and control operation of
CPU. Control bus may also include clock lines (s) for timing/synchronizing,
interrupts , reset etc. the control bus carries control signal partly
unidirectional, partly
bi-directional.
